milliForth

A FORTH in 380 bytes — the smallest real programming language ever, as of yet.

The code in the above gif, that of [an older version of] hello_world.FORTH, is a modified version of the hello world program used by sectorFORTH (see below)

bytes?

Yes, bytes. This is a FORTH so small it fits in a 512-byte boot sector. This isn't new — sectorFORTH[^1] successfully fit a FORTH within the boot sector. However, milliFORTH appears to be the smallest "real" programming language implementation ever, beating out sectorLISP[^2], a mind-blowing 436 byte implementation of LISP, by 56 bytes. ("real" excludes esolangs and other non-production languages - for example, the sectorLISP author's implementation of BF is just 99 bytes, but it clearly isn't used to any serious capacity.)

Language

sectorFORTH[^1] was an extensive guide throughout the process of implementing milliFORTH, and milliFORTH's design actually converged on sectorFORTH unintentionally in a few areas. That said, the language implemented is intentionally very similar, being the 'minimal FORTH'.

FORTH itself will not be explained here (prior understanding assumed). Being so small, milliFORTH contains just a handful of words:

On a fundamental level, milliFORTH the same FORTH as implemented by sectorFORTH, with a few modifications:

• All of the interpreter state words are bundled into a single struct (s@).
• Words don't get hidden while you are defining them. This doesn't really hinder your actual ability to write programs, but rather makes it possible to hang the interpreter if you do something wrong in this respect.
• There's no tib (terminal input buffer) word, because tib always starts at 0x0000, so you can just use >in and don't need to add anything to it.
• In the small (production) version, the delete key doesn't work. I think this is fair since sectorLISP doesn't handle backspace either; even if you add it back, milliFORTH is still smaller by a few bytes.
• Error handling is even sparser. Successful input results in nothing (no familiar ok.). Erroneous input prints an extra blank line between the previous input and the next prompt.

Use

sector.bin is an assembled binary of sector.asm. You can run it using make emulate, which invokes (and thus requires) qemu-system-i386, or by using any emulator of your choice.

Alternatively, make will reassemble sector.asm, then run the above qemu emulator.

Included in this repo is a pyautogui script which can be run to automatically type in the hello_world.FORTH file into your qemu emulator. A very useful tool. It is self-explaining, but usage involves simply starting the QEMU emulator, running the python script, and putting your cursor into the QEMU emulator again.

make sizecheck is a utility which assembles sector.asm into sector.bin and then lists out the size of sector.bin for you. Note that this automatically removes the padding from the .bin (as a working bootloader must be exactly 512 bytes).

References

[^1]: The immensely inspirational sectorForth, to which much credit is due: https://github.com/cesarblum/sectorforth/. [^2]: Mind-blowing sectorLISP: https://justine.lol/sectorlisp2/, https://github.com/jart/sectorlisp.