NeMo Guardrails

LATEST RELEASE / DEVELOPMENT VERSION: The main branch tracks the latest released beta version: 0.10.1. For the latest development version, checkout the develop branch.

DISCLAIMER: The beta release is undergoing active development and may be subject to changes and improvements, which could cause instability and unexpected behavior. We currently do not recommend deploying this beta version in a production setting. We appreciate your understanding and contribution during this stage. Your support and feedback are invaluable as we advance toward creating a robust, ready-for-production LLM guardrails toolkit. The examples provided within the documentation are for educational purposes to get started with NeMo Guardrails, and are not meant for use in production applications.

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📌 The official NeMo Guardrails documentation has moved to docs.nvidia.com/nemo-guardrails.

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NeMo Guardrails is an open-source toolkit for easily adding programmable guardrails to LLM-based conversational applications. Guardrails (or "rails" for short) are specific ways of controlling the output of a large language model, such as not talking about politics, responding in a particular way to specific user requests, following a predefined dialog path, using a particular language style, extracting structured data, and more.

This paper introduces NeMo Guardrails and contains a technical overview of the system and the current evaluation.

Requirements

Python 3.9, 3.10 or 3.11.

NeMo Guardrails uses annoy which is a C++ library with Python bindings. To install NeMo Guardrails you will need to have the C++ compiler and dev tools installed. Check out the Installation Guide for platform-specific instructions.

Installation

To install using pip:

> pip install nemoguardrails

For more detailed instructions, see the Installation Guide.

Overview

NeMo Guardrails enables developers building LLM-based applications to easily add programmable guardrails between the application code and the LLM.

Key benefits of adding programmable guardrails include:

• Building Trustworthy, Safe, and Secure LLM-based Applications: you can define rails to guide and safeguard conversations; you can choose to define the behavior of your LLM-based application on specific topics and prevent it from engaging in discussions on unwanted topics.

• Connecting models, chains, and other services securely: you can connect an LLM to other services (a.k.a. tools) seamlessly and securely.

• Controllable dialog: you can steer the LLM to follow pre-defined conversational paths, allowing you to design the interaction following conversation design best practices and enforce standard operating procedures (e.g., authentication, support).

Protecting against LLM Vulnerabilities

NeMo Guardrails provides several mechanisms for protecting an LLM-powered chat application against common LLM vulnerabilities, such as jailbreaks and prompt injections. Below is a sample overview of the protection offered by different guardrails configuration for the example ABC Bot included in this repository. For more details, please refer to the LLM Vulnerability Scanning page.

Use Cases

You can use programmable guardrails in different types of use cases:

1. Question Answering over a set of documents (a.k.a. Retrieval Augmented Generation): Enforce fact-checking and output moderation.
2. Domain-specific Assistants (a.k.a. chatbots): Ensure the assistant stays on topic and follows the designed conversational flows.
3. LLM Endpoints: Add guardrails to your custom LLM for safer customer interaction.
4. LangChain Chains: If you use LangChain for any use case, you can add a guardrails layer around your chains.
5. Agents (COMING SOON): Add guardrails to your LLM-based agent.

Usage

To add programmable guardrails to your application you can use the Python API or a guardrails server (see the Server Guide for more details). Using the Python API is similar to using the LLM directly. Calling the guardrails layer instead of the LLM requires only minimal changes to the code base, and it involves two simple steps:

1. Loading a guardrails configuration and creating an LLMRails instance.
2. Making the calls to the LLM using the generate/generate_async methods.

from nemoguardrails import LLMRails, RailsConfig

# Load a guardrails configuration from the specified path.
config = RailsConfig.from_path("PATH/TO/CONFIG")
rails = LLMRails(config)

completion = rails.generate(
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Hello world!"}]
)

Sample output:

{"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi! How can I help you?"}

The input and output format for the generate method is similar to the Chat Completions API from OpenAI.

Async API

NeMo Guardrails is an async-first toolkit, which means that the core mechanics are implemented using the Python async model. The public methods have both a sync and an async version, such as LLMRails.generate and LLMRails.generate_async.

Supported LLMs

You can use NeMo Guardrails with multiple LLMs like OpenAI GPT-3.5, GPT-4, LLaMa-2, Falcon, Vicuna, or Mosaic. For more details, check out the Supported LLM Models section in the Configuration Guide.

Types of Guardrails

NeMo Guardrails supports five main types of guardrails:

1. Input rails: applied to the input from the user; an input rail can reject the input, stopping any additional processing, or alter the input (e.g., to mask potentially sensitive data, to rephrase).

2. Dialog rails: influence how the LLM is prompted; dialog rails operate on canonical form messages for details see Colang Guide) and determine if an action should be executed, if the LLM should be invoked to generate the next step or a response, if a predefined response should be used instead, etc.

3. Retrieval rails: applied to the retrieved chunks in the case of a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) scenario; a retrieval rail can reject a chunk, preventing it from being used to prompt the LLM, or alter the relevant chunks (e.g., to mask potentially sensitive data).

4. Execution rails: applied to input/output of the custom actions (a.k.a. tools), that need to be called by the LLM.

5. Output rails: applied to the output generated by the LLM; an output rail can reject the output, preventing it from being returned to the user, or alter it (e.g., removing sensitive data).

Guardrails Configuration

A guardrails configuration defines the LLM(s) to be used and one or more guardrails. A guardrails configuration can include any number of input/dialog/output/retrieval/execution rails. A configuration without any configured rails will essentially forward the requests to the LLM.

The standard structure for a guardrails configuration folder looks like this:

.
├── config
│   ├── actions.py
│   ├── config.py
│   ├── config.yml
│   ├── rails.co
│   ├── ...

The config.yml contains all the general configuration options, such as LLM models, active rails, and custom configuration data". The config.py file contains any custom initialization code and the actions.py contains any custom python actions. For a complete overview, see the Configuration Guide.

Below is an example config.yml:

# config.yml
models:
  - type: main
    engine: openai
    model: gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct

rails:
  # Input rails are invoked when new input from the user is received.
  input:
    flows:
      - check jailbreak
      - mask sensitive data on input

  # Output rails are triggered after a bot message has been generated.
  output:
    flows:
      - self check facts
      - self check hallucination
      - activefence moderation
      - gotitai rag truthcheck

  config:
    # Configure the types of entities that should be masked on user input.
    sensitive_data_detection:
      input:
        entities:
          - PERSON
          - EMAIL_ADDRESS

The .co files included in a guardrails configuration contain the Colang definitions (see the next section for a quick overview of what Colang is) that define various types of rails. Below is an example greeting.co file which defines the dialog rails for greeting the user.

define user express greeting
  "Hello!"
  "Good afternoon!"

define flow
  user express greeting
  bot express greeting
  bot offer to help

define bot express greeting
  "Hello there!"

define bot offer to help
  "How can I help you today?"

Below is an additional example of Colang definitions for a dialog rail against insults:

define user express insult
  "You are stupid"

define flow
  user express insult
  bot express calmly willingness to help

Colang

To configure and implement various types of guardrails, this toolkit introduces Colang, a modeling language specifically created for designing flexible, yet controllable, dialogue flows. Colang has a python-like syntax and is designed to be simple and intuitive, especially for developers.

NOTE: Currently two versions of Colang, 1.0 and 2.0, are supported and Colang 1.0 is the default. Versions 0.1.0 up to 0.7.1 of NeMo Guardrails used Colang 1.0 exclusively. Versions 0.8.0 introduced Colang 2.0-alpha and version 0.9.0 introduced Colang 2.0-beta. We expect Colang 2.0 to go out of Beta and replace 1.0 as the default option in NeMo Guardrails version 0.11.0.

For a brief introduction to the Colang 1.0 syntax, see the Colang 1.0 Language Syntax Guide.

To get started with Colang 2.0, see the Colang 2.0 Documentation.

Guardrails Library

NeMo Guardrails comes with a set of built-in guardrails.

NOTE: The built-in guardrails are only intended to enable you to get started quickly with NeMo Guardrails. For production use cases, further development and testing of the rails are needed.

Currently, the guardrails library includes:

• Jailbreak Detection
• Self-Check Input Moderation
• Self-Check Output Moderation
• Self-Check Fact-checking
• Hallucination Detection
• AlignScore-based Fact-checking
• LlamaGuard-based Content Moderation
• RAG hallucination detection using Patronus Lynx
• Presidio-based Sensitive Data Detection
• Input moderation using ActiveFence
• RAG Hallucination detection using Got It AI's TruthChecker API
• AutoAlign-based guardrails

CLI

NeMo Guardrails also comes with a built-in CLI.

$ nemoguardrails --help

Usage: nemoguardrails [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

actions-server    Start a NeMo Guardrails actions server.
chat              Start an interactive chat session.
evaluate          Run an evaluation task.
server            Start a NeMo Guardrails server.

Guardrails Server

You can use the NeMo Guardrails CLI to start a guardrails server. The server can load one or more configurations from the specified folder and expose and HTTP API for using them.

nemoguardrails server [--config PATH/TO/CONFIGS] [--port PORT]

For example, to get a chat completion for a sample config, you can use the /v1/chat/completions endpoint:

POST /v1/chat/completions

{
    "config_id": "sample",
    "messages": [{
      "role":"user",
      "content":"Hello! What can you do for me?"
    }]
}

Sample output:

{"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi! How can I help you?"}

Docker

To start a guardrails server, you can also use a Docker container. NeMo Guardrails provides a Dockerfile that you can use to build a nemoguardrails image. For further information, see the using Docker section.

Integration with LangChain

NeMo Guardrails integrates seamlessly with LangChain. You can easily wrap a guardrails configuration around a LangChain chain (or any Runnable). You can also call a LangChain chain from within a guardrails configuration. For more details, check out the LangChain Integration Documentation

Evaluation

Evaluating the safety of a LLM-based conversational application is a complex task and still an open research question. To support proper evaluation, NeMo Guardrails provides the following:

1. An evaluation tool, i.e. nemoguardrails evaluate, with support for topical rails, fact-checking, moderation (jailbreak and output moderation) and hallucination.
2. An experimental red-teaming interface.
3. Sample LLM Vulnerability Scanning Reports, e.g, ABC Bot - LLM Vulnerability Scan Results

How is this different?

There are many ways guardrails can be added to an LLM-based conversational application. For example: explicit moderation endpoints (e.g., OpenAI, ActiveFence), critique chains (e.g. constitutional chain), parsing the output (e.g. guardrails.ai), individual guardrails (e.g., LLM-Guard), hallucination detection for RAG applications (e.g., Got It AI, Patronus Lynx).

NeMo Guardrails aims to provide a flexible toolkit that can integrate all these complementary approaches into a cohesive LLM guardrails layer. For example, the toolkit provides out-of-the-box integration with ActiveFence, AlignScore and LangChain chains.

To the best of our knowledge, NeMo Guardrails is the only guardrails toolkit that also offers a solution for modeling the dialog between the user and the LLM. This enables on one hand the ability to guide the dialog in a precise way. On the other hand it enables fine-grained control for when certain guardrails should be used, e.g., use fact-checking only for certain types of questions.

Learn More

• Documentation
• Getting Started Guide
• Examples
• FAQs
• Security Guidelines

Inviting the community to contribute

The example rails residing in the repository are excellent starting points. We enthusiastically invite the community to contribute towards making the power of trustworthy, safe, and secure LLMs accessible to everyone. For guidance on setting up a development environment and how to contribute to NeMo Guardrails, see the contributing guidelines.

License

This toolkit is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

How to cite

If you use this work, please cite the EMNLP 2023 paper that introduces it.

@inproceedings{rebedea-etal-2023-nemo,
    title = "{N}e{M}o Guardrails: A Toolkit for Controllable and Safe {LLM} Applications with Programmable Rails",
    author = "Rebedea, Traian  and
      Dinu, Razvan  and
      Sreedhar, Makesh Narsimhan  and
      Parisien, Christopher  and
      Cohen, Jonathan",
    editor = "Feng, Yansong  and
      Lefever, Els",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations",
    month = dec,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Singapore",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-demo.40",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-demo.40",
    pages = "431--445",
}