Cowrie

Welcome to the Cowrie GitHub repository

This is the official repository for the Cowrie SSH and Telnet Honeypot effort.

What is Cowrie

Cowrie is a medium to high interaction SSH and Telnet honeypot designed to log brute force attacks and the shell interaction performed by the attacker. In medium interaction mode (shell) it emulates a UNIX system in Python, in high interaction mode (proxy) it functions as an SSH and telnet proxy to observe attacker behavior to another system.

Cowrie <http://github.com/cowrie/cowrie/>_ is maintained by Michel Oosterhof.

Documentation

The Documentation can be found here <https://cowrie.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>_.

Slack

You can join the Cowrie community at the following Slack workspace <https://www.cowrie.org/slack/>_.

Features

• Choose to run as an emulated shell (default):

  • Fake filesystem with the ability to add/remove files. A full fake filesystem resembling a Debian 5.0 installation is included
  • Possibility of adding fake file contents so the attacker can cat files such as /etc/passwd. Only minimal file contents are included
  • Cowrie saves files downloaded with wget/curl or uploaded with SFTP and scp for later inspection

• Or proxy SSH and telnet to another system

  • Run as a pure telnet and ssh proxy with monitoring
  • Or let Cowrie manage a pool of QEMU emulated servers to provide the systems to login to

For both settings:

• Session logs are stored in an UML Compatible <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/>_ format for easy replay with the bin/playlog utility.
• SFTP and SCP support for file upload
• Support for SSH exec commands
• Logging of direct-tcp connection attempts (ssh proxying)
• Forward SMTP connections to SMTP Honeypot (e.g. mailoney <https://github.com/awhitehatter/mailoney>_)
• JSON logging for easy processing in log management solutions

Docker

Docker versions are available.

• To get started quickly and give Cowrie a try, run::

  $ docker run -p 2222:2222 cowrie/cowrie:latest $ ssh -p 2222 root@localhost

• On Docker Hub: https://hub.docker.com/r/cowrie/cowrie

Configuring Cowrie in Docker

Cowrie in Docker can be configured using environment variables. The
variables start with COWRIE_ then have the section name in capitals,
followed by the stanza in capitals. An example is below to enable
telnet support::

    COWRIE_TELNET_ENABLED=yes

Alternatively, Cowrie in Docker can use an `etc` volume to store
configuration data.  Create `cowrie.cfg` inside the etc volume
with the following contents to enable telnet in your Cowrie Honeypot
in Docker::

    [telnet]
    enabled = yes

Requirements
*****************************************

Software required to run locally:

* Python 3.9+
* python-virtualenv

For Python dependencies, see `requirements.txt <https://github.com/cowrie/cowrie/blob/master/requirements.txt>`_.

Files of interest:
*****************************************

* `etc/cowrie.cfg` - Cowrie's configuration file.
* `etc/cowrie.cfg.dist <https://github.com/cowrie/cowrie/blob/master/etc/cowrie.cfg.dist>`_ - default settings, don't change this file
* `etc/userdb.txt` - credentials to access the honeypot
* `src/cowrie/data/fs.pickle` - fake filesystem, this only contains metadata (path, uid, gid, size)
* `honeyfs/ <https://github.com/cowrie/cowrie/tree/master/honeyfs>`_ - contents for the fake filesystem
* `honeyfs/etc/issue.net` - pre-login banner
* `honeyfs/etc/motd <https://github.com/cowrie/cowrie/blob/master/honeyfs/etc/issue>`_ - post-login banner
* `src/cowrie/data/txtcmds/` - output for simple fake commands
* `var/log/cowrie/cowrie.json` - audit output in JSON format
* `var/log/cowrie/cowrie.log` - log/debug output
* `var/lib/cowrie/tty/` - session logs, replayable with the `bin/playlog` utility.
* `var/lib/cowrie/downloads/` - files transferred from the attacker to the honeypot are stored here
* `bin/createfs` - create your own fake filesystem
* `bin/playlog` - utility to replay session logs

Contributors
***************

Many people have contributed to Cowrie over the years. Special thanks to:

* Upi Tamminen (desaster) for all his work developing Kippo on which Cowrie was based
* Dave Germiquet (davegermiquet) for TFTP support, unit tests, new process handling
* Olivier Bilodeau (obilodeau) for Telnet support
* Ivan Korolev (fe7ch) for many improvements over the years.
* Florian Pelgrim (craneworks) for his work on code cleanup and Docker.
* Guilherme Borges (sgtpepperpt) for SSH and telnet proxy (GSoC 2019)
* And many many others.