IpBan: HTTP spam security for Flask

|PyPI Version|

IpBan is a Flask extension that can help protect against ip sources spamming url requests against unknown pages or attempts to exploit URLs. Often this is to search for security issues.

The default configuration:

• 20 attempts before ban
• 1 day blocking period

Once an ip address is banned any attempt to access a web address on your site from that ip will result in a 403 forbidden status response. After the default 1 day blocking period of no access attempts the ban will be lifted. Any access attempt during the ban period will extend the ban period by the ban_seconds amount.

Ip addresses can be entered for banning by the api.

Url patterns can be entered to be excluded from ban calculations by the api.

Url patterns can be entered for banning by the api.

Installation & Basic Usage

Install via pip <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>_:

::

pip install flask-ipban

After installing, wrap your Flask app with an IpBan, or call ip_ban.init_app(app):

.. code:: python

from flask import Flask
from flask_ipban import IpBan

app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban = IpBan(ban_seconds=200)
ip_ban.init_app(app)

The repository includes a small example application.

Options

• app, Flask application to monitor. Use ip_ban.init_app(app) to intialise later on.
• ban_count, default 20, Number of observations before banning.
• ban_seconds, default 3600*24 (one day), Number of seconds ip address is banned.
• persist, default False, Persist ban list between restarts, using records in the record_dir folder.
• record_dir, default None, (Default TEMP folder). A record directory that stores ban records for ipc sync and persistence.
• ipc, default False, Allow multiple instances of ip_ban to cross communicate using the record_dir.
• secret_key, default flask secret key, Key to sign reports in the record_dir.
• ip_header, default None, Optional name of request header that contains the ip for use behind proxies when in a docker/kube hosted env.
• abuse_IPDB_config, default None, config {key=, report=False, load=False} to a AbuseIPDB.com account. Blocked ip addresses via url nuisance matching will be reported.

Config by env variable overrides options ########################################

These environment variables will override options from the initialisation.

• IP_BAN_LIST_COUNT - number of observations before 403 exception
• IP_BAN_LIST_SECONDS - number of seconds to retain memory of IP

Methods

init_app(app)

Initialise and start ip_ban with the given Flask application.

block(ip_address, permanent=False)

Block the specific address, optionally forever

add(ip=None, url=None)

increase the observations for the current request ip or given ip address

Example for add:

.. code:: python

from flask import Flask
from flask_ipban import IpBan

app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban = IpBan(app)

@route('/login', methods=['GET','POST']
def login:
    # ....
    # increment block if wrong passwords to prevent password stuffing
    # ....
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if request.arg.get('password') != 'secret':
            ip_ban.add()

remove(ip_address)

Remove the given ip address from the ban list. Returns true if ban removed.

url_pattern_add('reg-ex-pattern', match_type='regex')

Exclude any url matching the pattern from checking

Example of url_pattern_add:

.. code:: python

from flask import Flask
from flask_ipban import IpBan

app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban = IpBan(app)
ip_ban.url_pattern_add('^/whitelist$', match_type='regex')
ip_ban.url_pattern_add('/flash/dance', match_type='string')

url_pattern_remove('reg-ex-pattern')

Remove pattern from the url whitelist

url_block_pattern_add('reg-ex-pattern', match_type='regex')

Add any url matching the pattern to the block list. match_type can be 'string' or 'regex'. String is direct match. Regex is a regex pattern.

url_block_pattern_remove('reg-ex-pattern')

Remove pattern from the url block list

ip_whitelist_add('ip-address')

Exclude the given ip from checking

ip_whitelist_remove('ip-address')

Remove the given ip from the ip whitelist

Example of ip_whitelist_add

.. code:: python

from flask import Flask
from flask_ipban import IpBan

app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban = IpBan(app)
ip_ban.ip_whitelist_add('127.0.0.1')

load_nuisances(file_name=None)

Add a list of nuisances to url pattern block list from a file. See below for more information.

Example:

.. code:: python

ip_ban = IpBan()
app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban.init_app(app)
ip_ban.load_nuisances()

load_allowed(file_name=None)

Add a list of allowed patterns from a file. See nuisance for format details. By default allowed.yaml in the ip_ban folder is used. To add to the default patterns supply your own file. Must be a yaml file with the following example format (which are also the default patterns):

.. code:: yaml

regex:
  - ^/\.well-known/
  - ^/robots\.txt$
  - ^/ads\.txt$
  - ^/favicon\.ico$

Example:

.. code:: python

ip_ban = IpBan()
app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban.init_app(app)
ip_ban.load_allowed()

get_block_list()

return a copy of the internal block list. Usually will be a dict with the key of ip and have dict values of count, permanent, url and timestamp.

- timestamp:  datetime object
- count: number of offences
- url: offending url requested
- permanent: bool if ban is permanent

Example:

.. code:: python

s = '<table class="table"><thead>'
s += '<tr><th>ip</th><th>count</th><th>permanent</th><th>url</th><th>timestamp</th></tr>'
s += '</thead><tbody>'
for k, r in extentions.ip_ban.get_block_list().items():
    s += '<tr><td>{}</td><td>{}</td><td>{}</td><td>{}</td><td>{}</td></tr>'.format(k, r['count'],
                                                                                     r.get('permanent', ''),
                                                                                     r.get('url', ''),
                                                                                     r['timestamp'])
s += '</tbody></table>'

Url patterns

Url matching match_type can be 'string' or 'regex'. String is direct match. Regex is a regex pattern.

Block networks / cidr

Use the block_cidr(network) method to block a range of addresses or whole regions.

Example:

.. code:: python

ip_ban = IpBan()
app = Flask(__name__)
ip_ban.init_app(app)
# block a network in Aruba
ip_ban.block_cidr('190.220.142.104/29')

Nuisance file

ip_ban includes a file of common web nuisances that should not be allowed on a flask site. It includes:

• Blocking any non flask extension such as .jsp, .asp etc.
• Known hacking urls.

Nuisance urls are only checked as a result of a 404. If you have legitimate routes that use nuisance url patterns they won't result in a block.

Load them by calling ip_ban.load_nuisances()

You can add your own nuisance yaml file by calling with the parameter file_name.

See the nuisance.yaml file in the source for formatting and details.

IPC and persistence

When you have multiple applications or processes serving a web application it can be handy to share any abuse ip between processes. The ipc option allows this.

Set ipc to True to allow writing out each 404/ban event to a file in the record_dir folder, which has a default in linux of /tmp/flask-ip-ban. This folder has to be writable by the process running your app. Obviously if you use multiple different apps they can share ip_ban reporting. Each record is signed with the secret_key, so this must be shared amongst all applications that use the record_dir folder. The secret_key is by default the flask secret key.

This folder and secret key is also used by the persistence feature.

Only ip records using the block, add and remove methods or by 404; are persisted or shared. Any whitelisting or pattern bans are not persisted/shared and must be done for each instance of your application.

The bit that shares ipc records between processes only updates during the before_request handler of the Flask app. It only updates every 5 seconds at the most. If the app does no request handling between bans then that ban record won't be shared between processes.

IP Header

When running a flask app in a docker hosted environment (or similar) the ip address will be the virtual adapter ip and won't change for differing requests. Use your proxy server to set the real IP address in a header so that ip-ban can find what it really is. For apache:

``RequestHeader set X_TRUE_IP "%{REMOTE_ADDR}s"``

``ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/``

``ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/``

Then when initializing ip_ban set the header name using the parameter ip_header, in this example: ip_header='X_TRUE_IP'.

Abuse IPDB

see: https://docs.abuseipdb.com/#introduction

You can setup flask-ipban so it will auto report url hacking attempts to the Abuse IPDB. Or you can load the Abuse IPDB list of blocked ip address on start. Warning! Loading takes a while for the default 10000 records.

Config

abuse_IPDB_config = {key=, report=False, load=False, debug=False}

• key - your abuse IPDB api v2 key
• report - True/False (default is False) - report hack attempts to the DB.
• load - True/False (default is False) - load and block already blocked ip addresses from the DB on startup
• debug - True/False (default is False) - debug mode, uses ip 127.0.0.1.

Release History

• 1.0.13 - Remove reason= which did nothing. Add url to report table. Add more nuisances. Add release history.
• 1.1.0 - Add more nuisances. Add ability to block regions by using block_cidr(). Remove support for obsolete Python releases (2.7,3.4,3.5).
• 1.1.1 - Fix doco typo.
• 1.1.2 - allow ip as list for ip_whitelist_add()/ip_whitelist_remove().
• 1.1.3 - Fix documentation errors. Add wellknown.yaml and default web URLs commonly used by bots. Remove raise exception for ip abuse db.
• 1.1.4 - Fix missing allowed.yaml in MANIFEST.in
• 1.1.5 - Add new nuisances. Add more allowed. Do not repeat report ips to abuse ip. Use utcnow for timestamps.

Licensing

• Apache 2.0

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